Straw buyer (interposed person)
Someone who appears formally as the holder of a contract whose real beneficiary is another party, used to separate risk from whoever actually carries it.
A relationship graph ties the presented record to 3 prior cases of the same shape, before approval.
A straw buyer is a problem of ownership, not of records. The file presented is usually correct: the person exists, the documents check out, often there is no restriction at all. What is untrue is that the contract is theirs.
That is why traditional verification misses it: it confirms that the holder is who they claim to be, and that is the wrong question. The right one is whether the holder is who will use the asset — and that cannot be answered from the file alone.
The signal shows up in the incoherence between the declared holder and the behavior observed afterwards, and in the connections tying that record to earlier operations of the same shape.